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Track gauge in North America
The vast majority of North American railroads are standard gauge (). Exceptions include some streetcar, subway and rapid transit systems, mining and tunneling operations, and some narrow gauge lines particularly in the west, e.g. the isolated White Pass and Yukon Route system, and the former Newfoundland Railway.
As well as the usual reasons for having one gauge i.e. being able to operate through trains without transfer arrangements, the North American continent-wide system of freight car interchange with rolling stock having the same standard gauge, couplings, and air brakes meant that individual companies could minimise their rolling stock requirements by borrowing from other companies. Peak demand periods varied over the continent, with seasonal requirements e.g. for grain shipments occurring at different times in different areas so that freight cars could be redistributed to cover peaks as required.
== Canada ==
(詳細はProvincial Gauge or Indian gauge, was adopted by the Province of Canada government as the standard gauge. However in the 1870s, most Canadian railroads (apart from some narrow gauge lines, e.g. on the island of Newfoundland) were changed to standard gauge to facilitate interchange with U.S. railroads. The last broad gauge line closed in 1911.
The Toronto subway uses an overgauge of .
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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